The lift axles used on both tractors and trailers allow the trucks to remain legal when fully loaded (as weight per axle remains within the legal limits) on the other hand, these axle set(s) can be raised off the roadway for increased maneuverability or for reduced fuel consumption and tire wear when carrying lighter loads. The U.K., for example, has a 44,000 kg (97,000 pounds) limit, an increase achieved by adding an extra axle to the tractor, usually in the form of a middle unpowered lifting axle (midlift) with a total of 14 wheels. Individual countries have raised their own weight limit. This format is now common across Europe as it is able to meet the EU maximum weight limit of 40,000 kg (88,000 pounds) without overloading any axle. The most common combination used in Europe is a semi tractor with two axles and a cargo trailer with three axles, one of which is sometimes a lift axle, giving 5 axles and 12 wheels in total. In Europe, usually only the driven tractor axle has dual wheels, while single wheels are used for every other axle on the tractor and the trailer. The major disadvantage is that for repairs on COE trucks, the entire cab has to hinge forward to allow maintenance access. Furthermore, it offers greater maneuverability in confined areas, a more balanced weight-distribution, and better overall view for the driver. This allows shorter trucks with longer trailers (with larger freight capacity) within the legal maximum total length.
European trucks, whether straight trucks or fully articulated, have a sheer face on the front. The main difference between tractor units in Europe and North America is that European models are cab over engine (called "forward control" in the United Kingdom), while the majority of North American trucks are "conventional" (called "normal control" or "bonneted" in the UK). Regional configurations Europe A semi-trailer truck ( Renault Magnum) of Ninatrans in London, England A semi-trailer attaches to the tractor with a type of hitch called a fifth wheel.
(or semi, big rig, tractor-trailer, or eighteen-wheeler) is the combination of a tractor unit and one or more semi-trailers to carry freight. For other uses, see 18 wheeler (disambiguation) and Big Rig (disambiguation).Ĭonventional style cab tractor A cab over semi-trailer Tractor with an end-dump trailer A FAW semi-trailer truck in ChinaĪ semi-trailer truck, also known as a semi-truck, truck and trailer, For use of the expression in rugby union, see Glossary of rugby union terms § T. "Big rig", "Eighteen wheeler", and "Truck and trailer" redirect here.
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